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Notice: None of the methods listed here are under
special recommendation by Plantstress.com
GENERAL STRESS
o
Obtain
climatic data for your location
o
Pollen
germination and pollen tube elongation
§ Pollen
viability/sterility tests – Item1 ; Item2
o
Hormone Analysis – problems and solutions
o
CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE – PRINCIPLES AND APPS (See book)
§ Relations
to Stress
§ integration with thermography.
§ PhotosynQ – a light
portable leaf measurement system
§ An
example of application
(crop plant).
§ An
example of application
(Arabidopsis).
§ Check
this site for instruments.
o
Practical
approaches to plant volatile analysis
o
Ethylene determination in plants
o
Phytohormones: abscisic acid, jasmonic
acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis
o
Xylem sap
collection and extraction to determine abscisic acid
o
Soluble carbohydrates
(SEE also WSC under drought)
o
Proline analysis – The still popular fast method by Bates
et al. (1973) – and more recent improvements.
o
SPECTRAL CANOPY SIGNATURES AND REMOTE
SENSING FOR ASSESSING CROP STRESS AND PRODUCTIVITY
§ Leaf
canopy temperature and its measurement with the infrared thermometer in the
field
§ Relations to water indices in soil and plant
§ Equipment
examples: GreenSeeker ; Crop-Circle; Yara-N Sensor
§ NDVI measurement – a practical example from CIMMYT
§ Spectral
reflectance for phenotyping “stay-green” (“non senescence”).
§ Thermal imaging (heat sensing camera) for identifying plant
response to drought stress
§ Thermal
and spectral imaging of plant stress
§ “FLIR-one” – A
thermal imaging attachment for your smart phone (not yet verified for plant
work)
o
Plant Image
Analysis – a collection of software
o Wheat
Physiological Breeding II: A Field Guide to Wheat Phenotyping. (CIMMYT
publication) (Large pdf file).
o
Various Plant
Biology Protocols (links on this site)
o
Measuring
the greenhouse environment
o
New handbook for standardized measurement of plant functional
traits worldwide (via DiverSus – mainly ecology)
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Using pots in plant research – not
so simple o
The pot
experiment – How to avoid common pitfalls. o
The Art of Growing Plants for Experimental Purpose o
Managing pot water
status – a critique o
Applying experimental ‘drought’ to pots - the
interpretation of results |
DROUGHT
STRESS
o
Soil
moisture methods (review and tests)
o
PLANT WATER STATUS
§ The pressure chamber for plant water status
measurement
§ Relative water content (RWC) as a measure of plant water status
§ The pressure-volume curve – an important tool, not for
large scale phenotyping
§ Detailed
discussion of measurements and their theoretical basis – including more
intricate methods such as thermocouple psychrometry
§ See
remote sensing methods of plant stress - above
o
A NEW NON-EVASIVE TURGOR RELATED
MONITORING OF PLANT WATER STATUS
o
The Sap Flow method for measuring transpiration and associated
data in trees
o
An electronic
potometer for studying plant water use in real time
o
Osmotic
adjustment and its measurement
o
Stomatal conductance (an example from CIMMYT; instruments
may vary)
o
Rapid colorimetric assay for epicuticular
wax – Tested against the classical gravimetric method
o
‘Stay-green’
laboratory assay under non-stress conditions (sorghum)
o
Using PEG for
controlling plant water status in experiments
o
XYLEM VULNERABILITY TO CAVITATION AND
EMBOLISM IN WOODY PLANTS
§ Conduits in wood – their
measurements and the assessment of hydraulic vulnerability Xylem vulnerability curves
§ More on
Xylem vulnerability curves
§ Visualizations of Drought-Induced Embolism
§ How to quantify conduits in
wood
§ Methods of measuring Vulnerability to cavitation
o
IMPROVING
WHEAT GRAIN FILLING UNDER STRESS BY STEM RESERVE UTILIZATION
§
Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC) determination in stems
(wheat example from CIMMYT).
§ Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR)
for quantifying stem carbohydrates
o
THE MANAGED DROUGHT STRESS ENVIRONMENT
IN THE FIELD
§ An Australian case
for wheat
§ Rainout shelters – some basic principles of design
and operation
o
The
Drought (Stress) Resistance Index – Estimating drought resistance in terms of
yield or biomass
o
C-isotope composition as a measure of intrinsic water-use
efficiency
SALINITY
STRESS
o
Salt
tolerance protocols; by Bado S. et al. 2016 (open
access by IAEA and Springer)
o
Comparing
nutrient solution with soil and field screening for tolerance
o
Electro-Magnetic Induction (EMI) to Determine Soil Salinity and
Sodicity in Turf Root Zones
o
Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with
tetraploid wheat
o
Soluble ions in
salt-affected plants
o
Protocols for Pre-Field Screening of Mutants for Salt Tolerance
in Rice, Wheat and Barley, 2016 book.
HEAT STRESS
o
Cell Membrane
Stability (CMS) by the electro-conductivity method
o
Chlorophyll content reduction under heat
stress – see Leaf
chlorophyll
o
Chlorophyll Fluorescence (see under General
Stress above)
o
Pollen dysfunction under heat stress
(see under General Stress above)
o
High-Throughput Screening of Temperature-Sensitive rice grain
a-Amylase
o Heat tolerance phenotyping in the growth chamber – important
issues to consider
COLD
STRESS
o
Cold tolerance tests in temperate cereals
o
Cold
tolerance tests in rice
o
Screening methods to identify post-head-emergence frost
adaptation in wheat and barley
o
Chlorophyll Fluorescence for chilling stress
(see under General Stress above)
o
Pollen dysfunction under chilling stress
(see under General Stress above)
MINERAL
TOXICITY STRESS
o Aluminum
resistance screening assay (alfalfa)
o Aluminum
resistance screening assay (pigeon pea)
o Aluminum resistance screening assay (cereals - review)
o
Evaluation
of aluminum tolerance by hematoxylin root staining
o
The Eriochrome cyanine R root staining method
o
Trace
metal phytotoxicity in solution culture: a review
MINERAL
DEFICIENCY STRESS
o
Calculation of
nitrogen-use efficiency
o
Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis, 1998
(classic)
o
Recent
developments in fast spectroscopy for plant mineral analysis, 2015
WATERLOGGING
STRESS
o
A
Comparison of Screening Methods in Brassica napus L.
o
Measurement of porosity in very small samples of plant tissue
OXIDATIVE
STRESS
o
Fingerprinting
Antioxidative Activities in Plants (Contributed
by Livia Saleh and Christoph Plieth)
o
Metabolic
and Proteomic Markers for Oxidative Stress. New Tools.
o
Oxidative stress and antioxidative
systems